Both knees also have a protrusion on the other side of the knee called the lateral condyle. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera a ridge with two lips. Medial and anterior knee anatomy musculoskeletal key. Medial femoral condyle the structure indicated is the medial condyle of the femur.
They are caused by a direct impact on the flexed knee during weight bearing. Medial collateral ligament reconstruction using bone. Three hundred sixty greek caucasian dried femori 180 left and 180 right, from 192 males and 168 females, were measured using a digital caliper. Above the shelf the attachment relates mostly to the al fibre bundle area of the. This landmark forms the knoblike distolateral end of the femur. Leg a rounded projection of the distal femur above the medial chondyle. This helps distinguish a left femur from a right femur. An overview of the key anatomy of the canine knee, including why structures are present, their clinical significance, and associated ligaments. Open reduction and internal fixation of the distal femur animesh agarwal definition distal femur fractures are difficult, complex injuries that can result in devastating outcomes. This landmark name arises from the greek epi meaning upon and kondulos or knuckle. The purpose of the present study was to conduct direct measurements in a large sample of dried femori in order to record certain morphometric parameters of the femoral condyles and determine whether there are gender and side differences. This is another important landmark because it is rarely injured and attaches close to the capsular arm of the pol, thus helping the surgeon locate the femoral attachment of the pol. The femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, between the hip and knee joints.
When someone fractures their knee or their femur, it is unusual to have an isolated medial condyle femur fracture. Projecting from each condyle is an epicondyle that act as attachment sites for the collateral ligaments. Lcp periarticular plating system the lcp periarticular plating system is capable of addressing. The femur is the longest and strongest bone of the body, present in the thigh latin femur thigh. The tibia has a prismoid shaft, expanded ends, proximal larger condylar shelf articulating. Between the two condyles lies the intercondylar area, which is where the anterior collateral ligament, posterior collateral ligament, and menisci all have attachments.
The lesser trochanter is the smaller posterior projecting protuberance at the medial base of the femoral neck. Medial epicondyle the medial epicondyle is located above the medial condyle hence the prefix epi, and it provides attachment of the adductor magnus and gastrocnemius muscles. The ligament has no attachment to the lateral meniscus. The fracture through the lateral condyle will have a large cartilaginous component as well as the small osseous portion. The posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur. The superior surface of the medial condyle is round in shape and somewhat concave, so it fits perfectly into a joint with the medial condyle of the femur. The fovea on the head of the femur provides attachment to the ligament of the head round ligament, or ligamentum teres. The medial gastrocnemius tendon arises proximal and posterior to the gastrocnemius tubercle of the medial femoral condyle. The medial supracondylar line continues to the adductor tubercle on the medial condyle and the lateral supracondylar line ends at the lateral condyle.
The medial and lateral femoropatellar ligaments extend from the patellas to the femoral epicondyles and also have attachments to the fabella. Unicondylar fractures of the distal femur sciencedirect. In a smaller number of cases, there was bruising along the medial femoral condyle 24 per cent and on the medial tibial plateau 26 per cent. When the plica becomes inflamed or irritated, it can cause plica syndrome, which is anterior knee pain due to the plica. They are separated by the deep intercondylar fossa, proximally bounded by the horizontal intercondylar line. Similar to the smcl attachment, the confluence of fibers over the medial femoral condyle makes it difficult to precisely identify the exact location of each attachment fig. The adductor magnus and medial gastrocnemius tendons also contribute to the medial anatomy of the knee. The medial collateral ligament mcl is the main static stabilizing structure against valgus and rotation of the knee.
If there is a fracture break in part of the condyle, this is known as a fracture of the femoral condyle. Multiple muscles of the hip and thigh regions make long, thin attachments to the femur along the linea aspera. Unicondylar fractures of the distal femur are rare injuries accounting for less than 1% of all femoral fractures 1, 2 and are partial articular fractures. Parallel to lateral collateral ligament and perpendicular to acl function. The fracture line starts in the lateral or medial intercondylartrochlear groove. What is the name of the small prominence located on the posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle of the femur that is an idenifying landmark to determine possible rotation of a lateral knee. Intercondylar fossa a depression found on the posterior surface of the femur, it lies in between the two condyles. Lateral humeral condyle fracture radiology reference.
Parallel to lateral collateral ligament and perpendicular to acl. Its lateral projection is flat, less prominent than its medial counterpart, yet still easily palpable. Arm a rounded projection of the distal humerus and point of attachment of the pronator teres, common tendon of origin for the long palmar, radial flexor of wrist, superficial flexor of finger and ulnar flexor of wrist, and the ulnar collateral ligament. Femur the femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body. The intact condyle is in continuity with the femoral metaphysis. The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bones distal end. The joint canal demonstrated disease through the lateral femoral condyles as well. This tendinous part here forms an intermuscular septum which forms the medial separation between the. Although shelf syndrome is rare in elderly people, it should be suspected whenever severe. Pdf medial femoral condyle fracture as an intraoperative. The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bones distal end located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or tendinous insertion, of the adductor magnus. Medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the. In between the medial and lateral femoral condyles is the intercondylar fossa. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation.
Medial condyle medical definition merriamwebster medical. Medial epicondyle definition of medial epicondyle by. It also attaches to the edge of the medial semilunar cartilage. The medial epicondyle is a bony elevation on the medial aspect of the medial condyle.
Posterior tibia to medial femoral condyle alignment. A plica is a band of thick, fibrotic tissue that extends from the synovial capsule of a joint. Palpable as a rounded bump on the inside of the knee in the case of the medial femoral. The distal end of the femur has medial and lateral bony expansions. Prominent lateral and medial condyles are found at the distal end of the femur. Check anterior movement of femur on the tibial plateau prevents femur from sliding forward injury. Tibial articulation surface over the lateral condyle is short and straight anteroposteriorly whereas the part over the medial condyle is longer and is convex medially. Similarly, the smooth region of the distal and posterior medial femur is the medial condyle of the femur, and the irregular outer, medial side of this is the medial epicondyle of the femur. A synovial plica is a shelflike membrane between the synovium of the patella and. On each condyle is a smaller epicondyle which serve as the point of attachment for the collateral ligaments the medial collateral mcl and the lateral collateral ligaments lcl. It is referred to as medial because in both cases it is found along the inside of the leg, toward the bodys midline. Lateralmedial view in a left knee after removal of the lateral femoral condyle. Gender and sidetoside differences of femoral condyles.
The anterior intercondylar area houses the attachment of the anterior cruciate. One of the rarer bone fractures seen in the medical community, the medial condyle of the femur is a bony protrusion where the femur meets the knee. Physiotherapy is very important during the rehabilitation following a. Anarrow non touch never makes contact with the femoral condyle. It is attached, above, to the medial condyle of the femur immediately below the adductor. Medial condyle of the femur definition of medial condyle. Resources on radiographic anatomy of adult knee and related topics in orthopaedicsone spaces. Femur anatomy is so unique that it makes the bone suitable for supporting the numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments within this region, in addition to maximally extending the limb during ambulation. Helps identify the medial condyle because it is on the same side as the. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or tendinous insertion, of the adductor magnus. The soleus located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg and it is a powerful muscle in the back part of the. It serves as the site of attachment for the psoas major, iliacus, and upper part of the adductor magnus muscles. Lateral and medial condyles the lateral and medial condyles are going to articulate form a joint with the patella and tibia bone of the leg, creating the tibiofemoral joint.
On the lateral side, the smooth portion that covers the distal and posterior aspects of the lateral expansion is the lateral condyle of the femur. Apr 15, 2020 one is the tibiofemoral articulation, connecting the proximal tibia to the distal femur, while the other is the patellofemoral one, connecting the patella to the femur. Unicondylar fractures of the distal femur are rare lesions, that often occur in combination with other posttraumatic injuries and may therefore fail to be recognised initially. Medial condyle of femur definition of medial condyle of. There is a distinct neck connecting the femoral head to the shaft and the greater trochanter is level with the femoral head. Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice download now. The best view to see the lateral condyle fracture is an internal oblique and this.
Femur bone anatomy landmarks and muscle attachments. Medial femoral hemicondyle, right 32247001 related pages. The popliteal surface of the femur is a triangular space found at the distal posterior surface of the femur. At the upper end it articulates with the hip bone to create the hip joint, and at the lower end it articulates with the patella and tibia. Articulates with medial condyle of the tibia to form the knee joint. Medial collateral ligament an overview sciencedirect. The lateral condyle is the more prominent and is broader both in its fronttoback and transverse diameters.
Hoffas fracture is tangential unicondylar fracture of distal femoral condyle and is a relatively rare injury. The mcl is a static stabilizer composed of superficial primary and deep secondary portions that are restraints to valgus stress. This is the attachment site of the tibial collateral ligament. There is a lateral and a medial femoral condyle one on each side of the femur. One of the two large rounded articular masses of the distal end of the femur, united anteriorly with its contralateral partner by the patellar surface but separated from it posteriorly and inferiorly by the intercondylar fossa. It must be regarded as consisting of three articulations in one. Medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia function medial from kin 2500 at louisiana state university. A displaced medial condyle fragment or instability of the fragment with closed reduction is an indication for open reduction with rigid internal fixation.
The fracture can be underestimated on plain films and may be seen as a small sliver of bone adjacent to the proximal border of the capitellum. At the medial aspect of the medial condyle, the needle is advanced until either contact with the bone or paresthesias occur. The iliotibial band prevents flexion of the tibia on the femur. Articular cartilage covers most of its posterior and distal surfaces. Open reduction and internal fixation of the distal femur. Middle rd of the posterior surface of the calcaneum nerve supply. The femoral head of the canine femur is circular and is situated in the centre of the head.
As a hinged joint, the knee joint allows flexion and extension of the leg, as well as slight medial rotation in end extension, and lateral rotation when unlocking the knee. The proximal portion of the tibia consists of a medial and lateral condyle, which combine to form the inferior portion of the knee joint. Medial and lateral condyle join the femur to the tibia, forming the knee joint. Radiographic anatomy of adult knee orthopaedicsone. A femoral condyle is the ballshape located at the end of the femur thigh bone. Insufficiency fracture of the medial femoral condyle doctor. The anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior translation of the femur on the tibia. The medial and lateral condyles articulate with corresponding femoral. It is a broad, flat, and long ligamentous tissue, which originates around the medial femoral condyle and inserts on the proximal medial tibia. The lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint. True bony avulsions of the mcl are extremely rare in the adult population, and a single article reports a mcl avulsion from both its proximal femoral and distal tibial attachments associated with subluxation of the medial meniscus. The medial condyle is named for its location on the inside of the knee, closer to the midline of the body, while the lateral condyle is.
When the femur is in its natural oblique position, however, the lower surfaces of the two condyles lie practically in the same horizontal plane. The medial condyle is a protrusion of bone that is a feature of both the femur bone in the thigh and the tibia bone in the lower leg. The medial condyle is the longer and, when the femur is held with its body perpendicular, projects to a lower level. Medial condyle is located in lower end of femur and is a major attachment and articulation site. The medial and lateral condyles form the proximal part of the body of femur, and articulate with the proximal part of tibia to form the femorotibial joint. The medial meniscus is sandwiched between the tibia and femur in this joint with attachments to all margins except for the lateral margin. The medial meniscus does not have an attachment to the femur. The pcl, with a thickness nearly twice that of the acl, originates from the anterolateral margin of the medial condyle of the femur and the intercondylar notch roof, and inserts along the posterior aspect of the tibial plateau. It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle.
The epicondyles provide attachment for muscles and supporting. Epicondylus medialis femur, epicondylus medialis femoris. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, knee posterior cruciate. Arthrex medial femoral hemicondyle, right 32247001.
The intercondylar notch via the ligamentum mucosum, anterior horns. The distal end of the femur forms two rounded condyles which articulate with the tibia below and the patella anteriorly the medial condyle and the lateral condyle. It can be challenging to determine the medial and lateral side on a disarticulated bone. The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur, the other being the lateral condyle. It is attached, above, to the medial epieondyie of the femur immediately below the adductor tubercle. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral outer condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the centre of mass being medial to the knee.
There are two condyles on each leg known as the medial and lateral femoral condyles. Mar 20, 2020 salterharris type iv medial condyle fractures with 2 mm or more of displacement usually must be treated by means of open reduction with internal fixation orif. The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of the femur. The medial collateral ligament extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to below the medial condyle of the tibia. Medial condyle rounded distal end of the femur located on medial surface. A novel technique for fixation of a medial femoral condyle. Diseasedisorder overview by bulletin of the nyu hospital for joint diseases.
The femur conducts body weight from the hip bone to the tibia in. The medial condyle is the medial knee joint surface of the femur, which has an articular surface and a medial epicondyle. The two condyles are named medial condyle and lateral condyle based on their positioning. Health, general bones care and treatment diagnosis necrosis risk factors. Fracture of the medial femoral condyle as a complication of retrograde femoral nail removal.
When, however, the femur is in its natural oblique position the lower surfaces of the two condyles lie practically in the same horizontal plane. Kwanasaurus also possesses a characteristic depression on the distal surface of the femur, in front of the crista tibiofibularis. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, tibia statpearls. The medial femoral condyle is supplied by a plexus of vessels from the descending genicular artery and the medial superior genicular artery. Instead, the lateral margin extends to the medial intercondylar tubercle. Vertical line ridge on the posterior surface of the femur attachment point of the movable end of the adductor longus attachment of the fixed end of muscles of the quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris. The medial collateral ligament is a broad, flat, bandlike ligament that runs from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial aspect of the shaft of the tibia where it attaches just above the groove of the semimembranosus muscle. Tomofix medial distal femur plate surgical technique depuy synthes companies 1 warning. I was diagnosed with a nondisplaced fracture of the medial femoral condyle 4 weeks after i slipped on the ice and landed directly on my left knee cap. The pcl attaches at the medial condyle of the femur and the. In this way, the difference in angle between the plate and the distal end of the femur results in medial compression of the metaphyseal fracture site after diaphyseal fixation, thanks to the deformation of the blade plate. The distal part of the femur is considered the most distal 9 to 15 cm of the femur and can involve the articular surface. Attachment to the upper end of medial collateral ligament is given by its most protuberant point called medial epicondyle.
Palpable to either side of the knee joint when it is bent, they are known specifically as the medial and lateral femoral condyles. Abnormal passive posterior displacement, posterior drawer sign. The posterior cruciate ligaments or pcl are pair of knee ligaments, with other pair being anterior cruciate ligaments are four major ligaments of the knee. The femur consists of a shaft body and superior or proximal and inferior or distal end 3. Lateral and medial condyles the lateral and medial condyles are going to articulate form a joint with the patella and tibia bone of the leg, creating the. Because of this, these fractures are prone to be missed. As a result of overuse or injury, plica can become inflamed or irritated due to friction across the patella or the medial femoral condyle. The lateral condyle is the lateral knee joint surface of the femur, which also features an articular surface and an epicondyle. They are the area of attachment of some muscles and the collateral ligaments of the knee joint. The best way is to look a the top of the bone where the knoblike head of the femur is, the head points toward the body, this is the medial side. The medial condyle was a sharp flange, notably thinner than the lateral condyle and crista tibiofibularis. Medial and lateral epicondyles bony elevations on the nonarticular areas of the condyles.
Shelf syndrome in elderly people longdom publishing sl. A study looked at the patients who had sustained a fracture of either femoral condyle over a sevenyear period. In dogs, the short branch of the dorsal sacroiliac ligaments connects the. At this point, the needle is slightly withdrawn, and approximately 5 ml of solution can be injected.
Medial femoral condyle fracture as an intraoperative complication of oxford unicompartmental knee replacement. The femoral condyle is the round end of the bottom of the femur. Dec 17, 2019 this ligament produces a distinct ridge that extends down the medial shaft of the tibia. The lateral and medial condyles are separated by the intercondylar notch.
Femur osteology of lower limb lecturio online learning. These are two small sesamoid bones that are embedded in the head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The kneejoint was formerly described as a ginglymus or hingejoint, but is really of a much more complicated character. It contains two facets for attachment of internal knee ligaments. The flap is marked by identifying the vascular plexus on the medial condyle and incorporating a component of the network in the flap. The medial collateral ligament prevents varus stress of the tibia on the femur. As the distal condyle blends into the shaft, it drops off sharply and angles anteriorly to produce the medial surface of the tibial tuberosity and provide an attachment site for the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus figs.
Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, femur statpearls ncbi. The 95 blade plate is placed on a femur whose articular surface is in valgus. Lateral tibial plateau an overview sciencedirect topics. Radiographic anatomy of adult patella orthopaedicsone articles. This is similar to lagerpetids but in contrast to the broader medial condyle of all other silesaurids. Femoral condyles are the pair of round bony protrusions emanating from either side of the bottom of the femur bone in the thigh. Medial femoral condyle musculoskeletal, skeletal anatomyzone. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, knee statpearls ncbi.